Jet ventilation for laryngotracheal surgery in an ex-premature infant.

A 4-month-old ex-premature infant with severe airway obstruction from subglottic cysts presented for surgical cyst removal. Laryngeal and tracheal surgical procedures in children may present difficulties for the anesthetist because the airway is shared with the surgeon. We report the use of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) to maintain ventilation and provide adequate surgical access. Anesthesia was induced using sevoflurane in oxygen and was maintained with intravenous infusions of propofol 7.5 mg.kg(-1).h(-1) and remifentanil 0.4 microg.kg(-1).min(-1). The suction channel of the ENT laryngoscope was used to introduce an 8-FG ureteric drainage catheter into the larynx and this catheter was used to provide HFJV. Obstruction to expiratory flow was a major concern and was dependent on good positioning of the rigid laryngoscope. Complications such as barotrauma, pneumopericardium, CO2-retention, necrotizing tracheobronchitis, and gastric rupture dictate a fastidious technique.