A rare primary pleural squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

We presented a rare case of primary pleural squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). It manifested as multiple pleural nodules with moderate 18F-FDG uptake and massive pleural effusion on PET/CT. The pathology result supported the primary squamous cell carcinoma. Our case highlighted the SCC should be included as differential diagnosis of the multiple pleural lesions and other differential diagnosis consisted of mesothelioma, solitary fibrous tumor, metastases.