Advances in brain-computer interface controlled functional electrical stimulation for upper limb recovery after stroke.

Stroke often results in varying degrees of functional impairment, significantly affecting patients' quality of daily life. In recent years, brain-computer interface-controlled functional electrical stimulation has offered new therapeutic approaches for post-stroke rehabilitation. This paper reviews the application of BCI-FES in the recovery of upper limb function after stroke and explores its underlying mechanisms. By analyzing relevant studies, the aim is to provide a theoretical basis for rehabilitating upper limb function post-stroke, promote BCI-FES, and offer guidance for future clinical practice.