PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in fecal samples from stray cats in Bangkok Metropolitan, Thailand.

Toxoplasma gondii is a globally important zoonotic parasite, with domestic cats serving as the definitive host by shedding oocysts into the environment, where they undergo sporulation, a process that increases the resistance of the oocyst wall and facilitates long-term environmental persistence. In densely populated urban environments, free-roaming cat populations may contribute to environmental contamination and pose a potential public health risk. Here, we assessed the presence of T. gondii DNA in fecal samples from stray cats residing in temple communities across Bangkok, Thailand, using molecular detection. Fecal samples collected from stray cats across multiple districts of Bangkok were screened by PCR. T. gondii DNA was detected at low prevalence but across a broad geographic range, suggesting widespread environmental exposure. No clear associations were observed between PCR detection of T. gondii DNA and assessed animal-related or management-related factors. These findings provide molecular evidence of the presence of T. gondii in Bangkok temple environments. Although PCR-based detection does not confirm active oocyst shedding, the widespread distribution of positive samples underscores the need for continued environmental surveillance and integrated One Health approaches to mitigate human and animal exposure to toxoplasmosis in urban settings.