Journal of experimental pharmacology · 2026
Toxicological Evaluation of the Liver and Kidneys of Rats Exposed to Myrothamnus Flabellifolius Crude Aqueous Extract.
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Nyirenda Trust, Nyagumbo Elliot, Chengetanai Samson, Maunganidze Fabian, Ndhlala Ashwell Rungano, Mufunda Jacob, Bhebhe Michael
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Myrothamnus flabellifolius (M. flabellifolius) herb is widely used across Southern Africa, often with poorly defined or unrestricted dosing and limited safety considerations across its diverse ethnomedicinal applications.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of M. flabellifolius crude aqueous extract on rat liver and kidneys.
METHODS: M. flabellifolius crude aqueous extract was screened for its bioactive components. Safety was assessed using single and 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity studies. In the former, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12 per group; 6 per sex) received M. flabellifolius stem and leaf crude aqueous extract at doses of 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 mg/kg and were observed for 14 days for clinical signs, body weight changes, and mortality. Based on the absence of clinical signs and lethality, the same dose range was applied in the 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity study in which female rats (n = 6 per group) received treatment. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, while liver and kidney samples were harvested for relative organ weight and histopathological examination.
RESULTS: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, coumarins and terpenoids in the extract. Treatment in both single and 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity studies showed no clinical signs or mortality; body/relative organ weights changes were non-significant (p > 0.05). The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 10000 mg/kg in both sexes. Biochemical indices showed non-significant changes (p > 0.05), whereas liver and kidney histoarchitecture remained unremarkable.
CONCLUSION: M. flabellifolius crude aqueous extracts exhibited a wide safety margin with no detectable hepatorenal toxicity. Its confirmed bioactive phytochemicals valorizes ethnomedicinal use.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of M. flabellifolius crude aqueous extract on rat liver and kidneys.
METHODS: M. flabellifolius crude aqueous extract was screened for its bioactive components. Safety was assessed using single and 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity studies. In the former, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12 per group; 6 per sex) received M. flabellifolius stem and leaf crude aqueous extract at doses of 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 mg/kg and were observed for 14 days for clinical signs, body weight changes, and mortality. Based on the absence of clinical signs and lethality, the same dose range was applied in the 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity study in which female rats (n = 6 per group) received treatment. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, while liver and kidney samples were harvested for relative organ weight and histopathological examination.
RESULTS: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, coumarins and terpenoids in the extract. Treatment in both single and 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity studies showed no clinical signs or mortality; body/relative organ weights changes were non-significant (p > 0.05). The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 10000 mg/kg in both sexes. Biochemical indices showed non-significant changes (p > 0.05), whereas liver and kidney histoarchitecture remained unremarkable.
CONCLUSION: M. flabellifolius crude aqueous extracts exhibited a wide safety margin with no detectable hepatorenal toxicity. Its confirmed bioactive phytochemicals valorizes ethnomedicinal use.