Effects of organic selenium supplementation on growth performance, carcass measurements, tissue selenium concentrations, characteristics of reproductive organs, and testis gene expression profiles in boars.

The objective was to compare growth and physiological responses in boars fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic sources of Se. At weaning, crossbred boars (n = 117; 8.3 kg of BW) were placed in nursery pens (3 boars/pen) and assigned within BW blocks to receive on an ad libitum basis 1 of 3 dietary treatments: I) basal diets with no supplemental Se (controls), II) basal diets supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of organic Se, and, III) basal diets supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of sodium selenite (13 pens/dietary treatment). Average daily gain (470 g/d), ADFI (896 g/d), and G:F (0.54) were similar among groups. Blood Se concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) for boars consuming organic Se (107.5 ± 4.8 µg/L) or sodium selenite (114.7 ± 4.8 µg/L) compared with controls (28.4 ± 4.8 µg/L). Intact pens of boars (11 pens/dietary treatment) were moved to a grow-finish barn and continued to receive appropriate diets on an ad libitum basis. Average daily gain (1,045 g/d) and ADFI (2,716 g/d) were similar among groups. Gain:feed was affected by treatment (P = 0.02) and was greater (P < 0.06) for boars fed organic Se (0.378 ± 0.004) compared with boars fed sodium selenite (0.368 ± 0.004) or controls (0.363 ± 0.004). Blood Se concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in grow-finish boars consuming organic Se (198.9 ± 5.5 µg/L) than boars consuming sodium selenite (171.4 ± 5.4 µg/L) or controls (26.7 ± 5.4 µg/L). Treatment did not affect (P > 0.15) HCW, dressing percent, carcass length, LM area, standardized fat-free lean, lean percentage, backfat thickness, visual color, firmness, marbling, or Minolta loin color scores. Selenium supplementation did not affect (P > 0.17) testis or accessory sex gland sizes. Concentrations of Se in loin, liver, kidney, testis, cauda epididymis, and accessory sex glands were greatest (P < 0.01) in boars receiving organic Se, intermediate in boars receiving sodum selenite, and least in control boars. Microarray analysis of testis gene expression did not detect differences (P > 0.05) due to dietary treatment. Testis gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, as determined using quantitative PCR, was increased (P < 0.01) in boars fed organic Se compared with those fed sodium selenite. In summary, dietary supplementation of boars with organic Se failed to alter ADG or ADFI but enhanced G:F during grow-finish. More research is needed to discern the mechanism by which organic Se improves feed efficiency in boars.