[A Case of Laparoscopic Resection for Locally Advanced Primary Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy].

We treateda 70-year-oldfemale patient with locally advancedrectal cancer accompaniedby metastases to other organs. Three courses of S-1 plus oxaliplatin(SOX)therapy were administered as neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC), andthe cancer was subsequently treatedwith laparoscopic rectal resection. She hadvisiteda physician with a chief complaint of melena. A type 2 tumor located in the rectum Rb was found during the lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, which was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma by biopsy. Vaginal invasion andlymph node metastasis were observedon CT andMRI. After 3 courses of SOX therapy(NAC), her condition was categorized as SD. Laparoscopic rectal amputation(D3)combinedwith resection of the ovary, uterus, and vagina was performed. On histopathological examination, the tumor was an adenocarcinoma, muc> tub2, ypT4b(AI, vaginal wall), int, INF b, ly1, v2, EX(-), PN1a, grade 1, pPM0, pDM0, pRM0 and pStage Ⅲa. The histological analysis demonstrated that the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy was grade 1a. Laparoscopic surgery, which is a relatively safe procedure, may be useful after NAC for an R0 resection.