Biological properties and characterization of several variations of a clinical human plasma-based skin substitute model and its manufacturing process.

Human plasma is a natural biomaterial that due to their protein composition is widely used for the development of clinical products, especially in the field of dermatology. In this context, this biomaterial has been used as a scaffold alone or combined with others for the development of cellular human plasma-based skin substitutes (HPSSs). Herein, the biological properties (cell viability, cell metabolic activity, protein secretion profile and histology) of several variations of a clinical HPSS model, regarding the biomaterial composition (alone or combined with six secondary biomaterials - serine, fibronectin, collagen, two types of laminins and hyaluronic acid), the cellular structure (trilayer, bilayer, monolayer and control without cells) and their skin tissue of origin (abdominal or foreskin cells) and the manufacturing process [effect of partial dehydration process in cell viability and comparison between submerged (SUB) and air/liquid interface (ALI) methodologies] have been evaluated and compared. Results reveal that the use of human plasma as a main biomaterial determines the in vitro properties, rather than the secondary biomaterials added. Moreover, the characteristics are similar regardless of the skin cells used (from abdomen or foreskin). However, the manufacture of more complex cellular substitutes (trilayer and bilayer) has been demonstrated to be better in terms of cell viability, metabolic activity and wound healing protein secretion (bFGF, EGF, VEGF-A, CCL5) than monolayer HPSSs, especially when ALI culture methodology is applied. Moreover, the application of the dehydration, although required to achieve an appropriate clinical structure, reduce cell viability in all cases. These data indicate that this HPSS model is robust and reliable and that the several subtypes here analysed could be promising clinical approaches depending on the target dermatological disease.