Global impacts of COVID-19 on lifestyles and health and preparation preferences: An international survey of 30 countries.
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Li Jiaying, Fong Daniel Yee Tak, Lok Kris Yuet Wan, Wong Janet Yuen Ha, Man Ho Mandy, Choi Edmond Pui Hang, Pandian Vinciya, Davidson Patricia M, Duan Wenjie, Tarrant Marie, Lee Jung Jae, Lin Chia-Chin, Akingbade Oluwadamilare, Alabdulwahhab Khalid M, Ahmad Mohammad Shakil, Alboraie Mohamed, Alzahrani Meshari A, Bilimale Anil S, Boonpatcharanon Sawitree, Byiringiro Samuel, Hasan Muhammad Kamil Che, Schettini Luisa Clausi, Corzo Walter, De Leon Josephine M, De Leon Anjanette S, Deek Hiba, Efficace Fabio, El Nayal Mayssah A, El-Raey Fathiya, Ensaldo-Carrasco Eduardo, Escotorin Pilar, Fadodun Oluwadamilola Agnes, Fawole Israel Opeyemi, Goh Yong-Shian Shawn, Irawan Devi, Khan Naimah Ebrahim, Koirala Binu, Krishna Ashish, Kwok Cannas, Le Tung Thanh, Leal Daniela Giambruno, Lezana-Fernández Miguel Ángel, Manirambona Emery, Mantoani Leandro Cruz, Meneses-González Fernando, Mohamed Iman Elmahdi, Mukeshimana Madeleine, Nguyen Chinh Thi Minh, Nguyen Huong Thi Thanh, Nguyen Khanh Thi, Nguyen Son Truong, Nurumal Mohd Said, Nzabonimana Aimable, Omer Nagla Abdelrahim Mohamed Ahmed, Ogungbe Oluwabunmi, Poon Angela Chiu Yin, Reséndiz-Rodriguez Areli, Puang-Ngern Busayasachee, Sagun Ceryl G, Shaik Riyaz Ahmed, Shankar Nikhil Gauri, Sommer Kathrin, Toro Edgardo, Tran Hanh Thi Hong, Urgel Elvira L, Uwiringiyimana Emmanuel, Vanichbuncha Tita, Youssef Naglaa
Аннотация
METHODS: We recruited adults in 30 countries covering all World Health Organization (WHO) regions from July 2020 to August 2021. 5 Likert-point scales were used to measure their perceived change in 32 aspects due to COVID-19 (-2 = substantially reduced to 2 = substantially increased) and perceived importance of 13 preparations (1 = not important to 5 = extremely important). Samples were stratified by age and gender in the corresponding countries. Multidimensional preference analysis displays disparities between 30 countries, WHO regions, economic development levels, and COVID-19 severity levels.
RESULTS: 16 512 adults participated, with 10 351 females. Among 32 aspects of impact, the most affected were having a meal at home (mean (m) = 0.84, standard error (SE) = 0.01), cooking at home (m = 0.78, SE = 0.01), social activities (m = -0.68, SE = 0.01), duration of screen time (m = 0.67, SE = 0.01), and duration of sitting (m = 0.59, SE = 0.01). Alcohol (m = -0.36, SE = 0.01) and tobacco (m = -0.38, SE = 0.01) consumption declined moderately. Among 13 preparations, respondents rated medicine delivery (m = 3.50, SE = 0.01), getting prescribed medicine in a hospital visit / follow-up in a community pharmacy (m = 3.37, SE = 0.01), and online shopping (m = 3.33, SE = 0.02) as the most important. The multidimensional preference analysis showed the European Region, Region of the Americas, Western Pacific Region and countries with a high-income level or medium to high COVID-19 severity were more adversely impacted on sitting and screen time duration and social activities, whereas other regions and countries experienced more cooking and eating at home. Countries with a high-income level or medium to high COVID-19 severity reported higher perceived mental burden and emotional distress. Except for low- and lower-middle-income countries, medicine delivery was always prioritised.
CONCLUSIONS: Global increasing sitting and screen time and limiting social activities deserve as much attention as mental health. Besides, the pandemic has ushered in a notable enhancement in lifestyle of home cooking and eating, while simultaneously reducing the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. A health care system and technological infrastructure that facilitate medicine delivery, medicine prescription, and online shopping are priorities for coping with future pandemics.