Vaccine Strategies for Cryptococcus neoformans.

Cryptococcus neoformans infections are a major worldwide concern as current treatment strategies are becoming less effective in alleviating the infection. The most extreme and fatal cases are those of immunocompromised individuals. Clinical treatments for cryptococcosis are limited to a few classes of approved drugs, and due to a rise in drug resistance, these drugs are becoming less effective. Therefore, it is essential to develop innovative ways to control this infection. Vaccinations have emerged as a safe, viable, and cost-effective solution to treat a number of diseases over the years. Currently, there are no clinically available vaccines to treat cryptococcal infections, but a number of studies have shown promising results in animal models. Here, we present step-by-step experimental protocols using live-attenuated or heat-killed C. neoformans cells as a vaccination strategy in a preventive or in a therapeutic murine model of cryptococcosis.