Tissue & cell · 2026
Silymarin mitigates tartrazine-induced fetal nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress following gestational exposure in rats.
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Abdalraheem Mona M, Mahmoud Omayma M, Draz Eman N, Kamel Eman M
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Tartrazine is synthetical dye broadly used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals products, and is known to possess embryotoxic and teratogenic properties. Silymarin, a natural compound derived from milk thistle, has potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. This study evaluate role of silymarin on nephrotoxicity caused by tartrazine in albino rat fetuses.
METHODS: Twelve pregnant albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, tartrazine (7.5 mg/kg/day), silymarin (100 mg/kg/day), and tartrazine plus silymarin. Treatments were administered orally from gestational day 6 to day 19. On gestational day 20, the dams were euthanized, and fetal kidneys were collected for morphometric, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses.
RESULTS: Maternal tartrazine exposure significantly reduced of changes of maternal body weight (24.2 ± 1.2, P < 0.01) and increased fetal mortality (1.7 ± 0.6 vs. 0 ± 0 in controls). Fetuses from tartrazine group exhibited significantly lower body weight (1.7 ± 0.1 g), crown-rump length (2.8 ± 0.1 cm), kidney weight (0.01 ± 0 mg), renal Width (1.9 ± 0.1 mm) and Length (2.7 ± 0.1 mm, P < 0.01) compared with controls. Serum urea, creatinine, and nitric oxide levels increased significantly, whereas glutathione levels decreased (8.7 ± 0.1, P < 0.01). Histological examination revealed glomerular atrophy, tubular dilatation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and impaired renal architecture. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased TNF-α expression and decreased Ki-67 immunoreactivity. Co-administration of silymarin significantly ameliorated these biochemical, morphometric, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations.
CONCLUSION: Silymarin demonstrated significant protective role, counteracting adverse effects of tartrazine through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
METHODS: Twelve pregnant albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, tartrazine (7.5 mg/kg/day), silymarin (100 mg/kg/day), and tartrazine plus silymarin. Treatments were administered orally from gestational day 6 to day 19. On gestational day 20, the dams were euthanized, and fetal kidneys were collected for morphometric, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses.
RESULTS: Maternal tartrazine exposure significantly reduced of changes of maternal body weight (24.2 ± 1.2, P < 0.01) and increased fetal mortality (1.7 ± 0.6 vs. 0 ± 0 in controls). Fetuses from tartrazine group exhibited significantly lower body weight (1.7 ± 0.1 g), crown-rump length (2.8 ± 0.1 cm), kidney weight (0.01 ± 0 mg), renal Width (1.9 ± 0.1 mm) and Length (2.7 ± 0.1 mm, P < 0.01) compared with controls. Serum urea, creatinine, and nitric oxide levels increased significantly, whereas glutathione levels decreased (8.7 ± 0.1, P < 0.01). Histological examination revealed glomerular atrophy, tubular dilatation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and impaired renal architecture. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased TNF-α expression and decreased Ki-67 immunoreactivity. Co-administration of silymarin significantly ameliorated these biochemical, morphometric, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations.
CONCLUSION: Silymarin demonstrated significant protective role, counteracting adverse effects of tartrazine through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.