Transcriptome analysis of mesenchymal stromal cells of the large and small intestinal smooth muscle layers reveals a unique gastrontestinal stromal signature.

Mesenchymal stromal cells in the muscle layer of the large intestine are essential for the regulation of intestinal motility. They form electrogenic syncytia with the smooth muscle and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) to regulate smooth muscle contraction. Mesenchymal stromal cells are present in the muscle layer throughout the gastrointestinal tract. However, their area-specific characteristics remain ambiguous. In this study, we compared mesenchymal stromal cells from the large and small intestinal muscle layers. Histological analysis using immunostaining showed that the cells in the large and small intestines were morphologically distinct. We established a method to isolate mesenchymal stromal cells from wild-type mice with platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα) as a marker on the cell surface and performed RNAseq. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PDGFRα+ cells in the large intestine exhibited increased expression levels of collagen-related genes, whereas PDGFRα+ cells in the small intestine exhibited increased expression levels of channel/transporter genes, including Kcn genes. These results suggest that mesenchymal stromal cells differ morphologically and functionally depending on gastrointestinal tract. Further investigations of the cellular properties of mesenchymal stromal cells in the gastrointestinal tract will aid in optimizing methods for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.