Reconstruction Strategies of the Ureter and Urinary Diversion Using Tissue Engineering Approaches.

Tissue Engineering (TE) approaches are needed to advance the field of reconstructive urology. We indicate that regeneration of ureteral tissue and the formation of a urinary diversion using TE approaches are possible, although it is currently very time-consuming and complex to achieve well-developed neotissue. Faster regeneration approaches using novel scaffolds are desirable. The findings of this review may help to develop smart hybrid scaffolds and enhance the design of future studies, which may ultimately lead to improved care for patients with ureteral defects as well as to curb complications associated with urinary diversion.