Antemortem Cardiac Diagnostic Approaches in Cattle.

This article discusses the diagnosis of bovine cardiac disease, which is often identified only after congestive heart failure signs appear, leading to poor outcomes. Key clinical signs include tachycardia, abnormal heart sounds, jugular distention, and edema, with auscultation being vital in field settings. Diagnostic tools such as echocardiography, radiography, pulmonary artery pressure measurement, and serology are essential but require expertise. Echocardiography can detect congenital defects like ventricular septal defects, while pulmonary hypertension assessment and radiographs help evaluate heart size and lung damage. Accurate diagnosis relies on understanding bovine anatomy and proper technique, aiding timely management and prognosis.