MicroRNA-215-5p Treatment Suppresses Mesothelioma Progression via the MDM2-p53-Signaling Axis.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an incurable, aggressive neoplasm with distinctive features, including preservation of wild-type p53, irrespective of histologic subtype. We posited that this consistent molecular characteristic represents an underexploited therapeutic target that can be approached by leveraging biologic effects of microRNA (miRNA). The Cancer Genome Atlas was surveyed to identify p53-responsive prognostic miRNA(s) in MPM. Using patient samples, in vitro MPM cell lines, and murine tumor xenograft models, we verified specific gene pathways targeted by these miRNAs, and we examined their therapeutic effects. miR-215-5p is a poor prognosis miRNA downregulated in MPM tissues, which has not been recognized previously. When miR-215-5p was ectopically re-expressed in MPM cells and delivered in vivo to tumor xenografts, it exerted significant cell killing by activating p53 function and inducing apoptosis. The mechanistic basis for this effect is due to combinatorial effects of a positive feedback loop of miR-215-MDM2-p53 signaling, additional mouse double minute 2 (MDM2)-p53 positive feedback loop(s) with other miRNAs such as miR-145-5p, and suppression of diverse gene targets associated with cell cycle dynamics not previously drug treatable in MPM clinical studies. Our results suggest a potential pathophysiologic role for and therapeutic significance of miR-215-5p in MPM.