[Diagnosis and treatment of primary ureteral carcinoma--a report of 12 cases].

Twelve cases with primary ureteral carcinoma are reported with a review of literatures. Urography was the main method of diagnosis, and retrograde uretero-pyelography was more helpful. Cystoscopy was mandatory before operation. CT was useful for diagnosis and staging. If needed, ureteroscopy could be used to increase diagnostic accuracy. The traditional total nephroureterectomy with a cuff excision of the urinary bladder was the first and basic choice of treatment. Regular cystoscopy, excretory urography and adjuvant intravesical therapy should be carried out after operation.