Review: Using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging techniques to explore the microstructure and connectivity of subcortical white matter tracts in the human auditory system.

Since its inception 30 years ago, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) has advanced to become a common component of routine clinical MRI examinations. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance offers a way to measure anisotropic diffusion in-vivo, which has led to the development of techniques capable of characterising the orientation of diffusion within living tissue. These modelling techniques can be used to investigate the microstructure and connectivity of white matter tracts within the human brain. Such techniques have been used to study many neural networks within the human body. There is, however, a notable paucity of research utilising dMRI techniques to investigate the white matter tracts of the auditory brainstem. In this review we provide a brief introduction to the basic principles of dMRI analysis and consider some of the difficulties associated with applying dMRI techniques to study the auditory pathways of the brainstem. We also consider aspects of current dMRI methodologies relevant to the auditory brainstem to inform future research in this area.