Cureus · 2025
A Pilot Study Evaluating the Safety and Clinical Use of a Leg Exercise Apparatus in Patients With Stroke or Spinal Cord Injury: A Comparison With an Ergometer.
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Hirasawa Nobuhiro, Shimizu Yukiyo, Ishimoto Ryu, Mutsuzaki Hirotaka, Hada Yasushi
Аннотация
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The leg exercise apparatus (LEX), initially developed to prevent thrombosis, may also serve as a rehabilitation exercise device due to its ability to promote active movement. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical indications of LEX exercises in patients with stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine patients with stroke or SCI participated in this study. Participants were assessed for paralysis, muscle strength, sensation, range of motion (ROM), spasticity, vital signs, and modified Borg scale (mBS) scores for respiratory and lower extremity fatigue. Each participant performed LEX and ergometer exercises for five minutes, with the number of repetitions recorded for both. After each session, ROM, spasticity, vital signs, and mBS were re-evaluated. After completing all exercise sessions, participants completed a questionnaire regarding their experience with each device and reported any adverse events. The primary outcome was the occurrence of adverse events within one hour following LEX exercise.
RESULTS: Two patients with SCI reported transient pain attributed to device contact or increased spasticity that resolved within an hour. During the LEX exercise, two participants required assistance, primarily to prevent the hip joint from excessive abduction. Three participants required assistance with the ergometer, including the prevention of excessive hip abduction and avoiding reverse pedaling. One participant required both types of assistance and discontinued the ergometer exercise midway. The mBS scores indicated lower fatigue levels with LEX compared to the fatigue levels with the ergometer, likely due to difficulties in controlling rotational movement with the latter. Therefore, LEX appeared to be more suitable than the ergometer for sustained exercise in patients with motor impairments such as stroke or SCI.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that LEX is safe for patients with stroke or SCI, with only minor transient adverse events. With slight modifications to improve stability and usability, LEX may be a practical and effective option for lower limb rehabilitation in patients with motor impairments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine patients with stroke or SCI participated in this study. Participants were assessed for paralysis, muscle strength, sensation, range of motion (ROM), spasticity, vital signs, and modified Borg scale (mBS) scores for respiratory and lower extremity fatigue. Each participant performed LEX and ergometer exercises for five minutes, with the number of repetitions recorded for both. After each session, ROM, spasticity, vital signs, and mBS were re-evaluated. After completing all exercise sessions, participants completed a questionnaire regarding their experience with each device and reported any adverse events. The primary outcome was the occurrence of adverse events within one hour following LEX exercise.
RESULTS: Two patients with SCI reported transient pain attributed to device contact or increased spasticity that resolved within an hour. During the LEX exercise, two participants required assistance, primarily to prevent the hip joint from excessive abduction. Three participants required assistance with the ergometer, including the prevention of excessive hip abduction and avoiding reverse pedaling. One participant required both types of assistance and discontinued the ergometer exercise midway. The mBS scores indicated lower fatigue levels with LEX compared to the fatigue levels with the ergometer, likely due to difficulties in controlling rotational movement with the latter. Therefore, LEX appeared to be more suitable than the ergometer for sustained exercise in patients with motor impairments such as stroke or SCI.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that LEX is safe for patients with stroke or SCI, with only minor transient adverse events. With slight modifications to improve stability and usability, LEX may be a practical and effective option for lower limb rehabilitation in patients with motor impairments.