Diagnosis and management of brain tumours at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE

To report on the incidence of brain tumours in Jos Plateau of Nigeria and to highlight areas of interest regarding diagnosis, management and outcome.

DESIGN

A retrospective study.

SETTING

Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos, Nigeria.

SUBJECTS: Thirty patients with brain tumours.

INTERVENTIONS: Specific management of primary lesions was carried out in cases of metastatic brain tumours. Steroids were administered in one case of cerebellar oligodendroma. Craniotomy and excision was achieved in two cases of meningioma and two of sarcoma. Palliative excision was employed in another two cases of meningioma. Two cases each of pituitary adenomas were managed by craniotomy and excision and trans-nasal transsphenoidal excision.

RESULTS

Brain tumours ranked third in frequency relative to other tumours. The relative frequency of different histological types in percentages were: metastatic (30%), anterior pituitary (21%), meningeal (18%), neuroepithelial (15%) and nerve-sheath (6%). The mean age of presentation was 33 years. The three commonest clinical features in percentages included headaches (43%), cranial masses (39%) and visual defects (26%). Eighty three per cent of the total number of patients died within three weeks to one year irrespective of management modality employed. Two patients who had transnasal excision of pituitary tumours abroad are, however, well and alive at one and two years post-operation respectively.

CONCLUSION

In this study, roentgenograms of the skull had a diagnostic value of 76% for tumours of meningeal origin and pituitary adenomas. CT scan is the mainstay for diagnosis of brain tumours. The outcome was poor with a mortality of 83%.