[Chinese guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of adult essential thrombocythemia (2026)].

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a classic Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by excessive proliferation of bone marrow megakaryocytes and sustained elevation of peripheral blood platelet counts. The primary clinical risks include thrombotic and bleeding events, with a minority of patients experiencing the risk of progression to myelofibrosis or transformation to acute leukemia. In recent years, the demand for standardized diagnosis and treatment of ET has become increasingly prominent with advances in molecular testing, bone marrow pathology diagnosis, novel drug development, and clinical management. To provide actionable clinical practice guidance for hematologists in China, the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group of the Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association, convened domestic experts to formulate this guideline, based on both international and domestic evidence-based medical evidence combined with expert consensus.