Factors associated with common prevalent diseases in the Sonali chicken farms of the different regions of Bangladesh: a retrospective study.

The study aimed to determine the factors associated with the common disease prevalence of Sonali chicken farms in different regions of Bangladesh. A total of 243 farms were randomly selected from four Bangladesh districts to collect retrospective data. The study found that the most prevalent diseases were Newcastle Disease (76.54%), Infectious Bursal Disease (51.44%), Avian Influenza (29.63%), Colibacillosis (22.63%), Coccidiosis (69.55%), Brooder Pneumonia (34.98%), and Ascariasis (20.16%). The secondary group of the education level of these farmers (84.9%), visitors allowance farm (81.9%), and farms in which dead birds are buried (91.3%) have significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher prevalence of ND. The potential flock-level protective factors of ND prevalence were the visitors not allowed on the farm (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28-0.92; P = 0.024) and dead chicken disposal by buried (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.08-0.56; P = 0.000). Farmers who used deep wells (56.9%) and clean feeders and drinkers every 3 days (72.2%) have a higher prevalence (P ≤ 0.05) of IBD. The risk factor for IBD: the Sonali chicken farmers had no idea about vaccine transportation to maintain the temperature (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.01-3.13; P = 0.048). Rangpur district (44.8%), farms that used cefalexin (51.1%) on their farm during the brooding period, and the farms in which farmers have no idea of chick grade have a higher prevalence (P ≤ 0.05) of AI. The farm whose farmer bought the chicks from the hatchery (36.7%) had a noticeably (P ≤ 0.05) higher prevalence of colibacillosis. Mymensingh district (80.0%), male farmers' farms (74.7%), large-scale farms (87.5%), and farms in which wood shavings were used as litter (77.8%) have a higher prevalence (P ≤ 0.05) of coccidiosis. Rangpur district (49.2%), in farms where farmers were not practicing handwashing (41.5%), didn't maintain routine cleaning of feeders and drinkers (43.6%), and didn't use antibiotics during the brooding period (68.1%) had a higher prevalence of brooder pneumonia. Kishoreganj district (30.0%), male farmers (22.1%), farmers with primary education levels (30.7%), and Large-scale farms (2501-5200 birds) (25.1%), farms using wood shavings as litter material (35.6%), farms sourcing chicks from hatcheries (23.0%,) and farms that used florfenicol (30.8%) as an antibiotic during the brooding period had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) higher prevalence of Ascariasis. Poor biosecurity, improper waste management, inexperience with chick quality & antibiotics used, and missing regular vaccinations make farms more likely to experience disease outbreaks.