Malignant lymphoma of the ureter: A case report and literature review.

A 38-year-old male was admitted to Renji Hospital (Shanghai, China) with the major complaint of back pain due to left hydronephrosis. Imaging analysis revealed an area of nodular soft-tissue density in the left ureteral wall. The patient's left kidney was non-functional. Thus, a left nephroureterectomy was performed for the purpose of pathological diagnosis, and histopathological examination revealed follicular lymphoma. The patient received R-CHOP chemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone) every three weeks. Following six courses of chemotherapy, positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed that the patient was in complete remission. From this case we showed that in cases where a partial ureteral stenosis with ureteral wall thickening was observed by imaging analysis, further histological examination of tissue samples should be assigned as soon as possible.