Ultrasound-Guided Musculoskeletal Injections.

Musculoskeletal injections serve a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, with ultrasonography (US) guidance having many advantages: no ionizing radiation, real-time guidance, high spatial resolution, excellent soft tissue contrast, and the ability to identify and avoid critical structures. Sonography can be cost effective and afford flexibility in resource-constrained settings. This article describes US-guided musculoskeletal injections relevant to many radiology practices and provides experience-based suggestions. Structures covered include multiple joints (shoulder, hip), bursae (iliopsoas, subacromial-subdeltoid, greater trochanteric), peripheral nerves (sciatic, radial), and tendon sheaths (posterior tibial, peroneal, flexor hallucis longus, Achilles, long head of the biceps). Trigger point and similar targeted steroid injections, as well as calcific tendinopathy barbotage, are also described.