Scrotal herniation of the ureter: a rare late complication after renal transplantation.

Although late ureteral obstruction represents the most frequent urologic complication after renal transplantation, its etiology remains poorly understood. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in the adult male population, but information regarding BPH epidemiology and its impact on clinical outcomes are lacking. We herein have described a case of ureteral herniation into the scrotum, secondary to concomitant upper and lower urinary tract obstruction: namely, BPH and ureterovesical junction stenosis causing massive urine retention and acute renal failure. The simultaneous presence of the 2 lesions rendered the diagnosis difficult. In addition, urine outflow responsible for bladder outlet obstruction resumed after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The hydroureteronephrosis, which persisted after the TURP resolved only after positioning a double J stent, but renal function did not normalize. Attention must be paid to BPH in the differential diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction. Stenosis of the ureterovesical junction may occur very late after transplantation.