What podoplanin tells us about cells with telopodes.

Telocytes (TCs) are stromal cells with telopodes, which represent long, thin, moniliform cell processes; however, this morphological feature alone is insufficient to define a cell type. Specific markers of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), such as Prox-1, podoplanin (D2-40) or LYVE-1, are not usually tested in TCs. We thus aimed at performing a study in light microscopy to evaluate whether or not LECs could be mistaken for TCs. Therefore we used CD34, α-smooth muscle actin and D2-40 for an immunohistochemical study on archived paraffin-embedded samples of uterine leiomyoma. Lymphatic vessels were identified by the expression of D2-40, but on the microscopic slides, false spindle-shaped TCs appearances either corresponded to collapsed lymphatic lumina or were determined by grazing longitudinal cuts of lymphatics. It is therefore mandatory to check the expression of lymphatic markers in telocyte-like cells and, moreover, to carefully examine the bidimensional cuts in order to avoid false results.