Virtual planning for mandible resection and reconstruction.

In mandibular reconstruction, computer-assisted procedures, including virtual surgical planning (VSP) and additive manufacturing (AM), have become an integral part of routine clinical practice. Especially complex cases with extensive defects after ablative tumor surgery benefit from a computer-assisted approach. Various CAD/CAM-manufactured tools such as surgical guides (guides for osteotomy, resection and predrilling) support the transition from virtual planning to surgery. Patient-specific implants (PSIs) are of particular value as they facilitate both osteosynthesis and the positioning of bone elements. Computer-based approaches may be associated with higher accuracy, efficiency, and superior patient outcomes. However, certain limitations should be considered, such as additional costs or restricted availability. In the future, automation of the planning process and augmented reality techniques, as well as MRI as a non-ionizing imaging modality, have the potential to further improve the digital workflow.