Folia medica Cracoviensia · 2025
Fatty acids profile in plasma of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM).
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Gdula-Argasińska Joanna, Jurczyszyn Artur, Słapek Karolina, Pietrzycka Agata, Czepiel Jacek
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Monoclonal gammopathies, including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM), are plasma-cell disorders linked to profound metabolic remodeling. Lipid metabolism, particularly the balance between n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), plays a pivotal role in inflammation, membrane dynamics, and tumor progression.
METHODS: Plasma fatty acid (FA) profiles were analyzed in patients with MGUS, MM, and healthy controls via gas chromatography. Desaturase indices (Δ5D, Δ6D, Δ9SCD1, Δ9SCD2) were calculated from FA ratios.
RESULTS: MM patients exhibited significantly higher palmitic acid and lower n-3 PUFA levels (EPA, DHA) compared to controls (p <0.05), reflecting a pro-inflammatory lipid milieu. MGUS patients showed increased oleic acid and markedly elevated Δ9-desaturase activity, suggesting enhanced monounsaturated FA synthesis during early plasma-cell transformation. The n-3/n-6 ratio decreased progressively from controls (1.0) to MGUS (0.5) and MM (0.4). Trans fatty acids were substantially elevated in MGUS and MM compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION: Altered plasma FA composition and desaturase activity indicate lipid metabolic reprogram- ming in MGUS and MM. The progressive reduction of the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio underscores a shift toward a pro-inflammatory state that may promote malignant transformation. Lipidomic profiling could serve as an early biomarker of disease evolution, and dietary modulation of n-3 PUFAs may hold therapeutic potential.
METHODS: Plasma fatty acid (FA) profiles were analyzed in patients with MGUS, MM, and healthy controls via gas chromatography. Desaturase indices (Δ5D, Δ6D, Δ9SCD1, Δ9SCD2) were calculated from FA ratios.
RESULTS: MM patients exhibited significantly higher palmitic acid and lower n-3 PUFA levels (EPA, DHA) compared to controls (p <0.05), reflecting a pro-inflammatory lipid milieu. MGUS patients showed increased oleic acid and markedly elevated Δ9-desaturase activity, suggesting enhanced monounsaturated FA synthesis during early plasma-cell transformation. The n-3/n-6 ratio decreased progressively from controls (1.0) to MGUS (0.5) and MM (0.4). Trans fatty acids were substantially elevated in MGUS and MM compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION: Altered plasma FA composition and desaturase activity indicate lipid metabolic reprogram- ming in MGUS and MM. The progressive reduction of the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio underscores a shift toward a pro-inflammatory state that may promote malignant transformation. Lipidomic profiling could serve as an early biomarker of disease evolution, and dietary modulation of n-3 PUFAs may hold therapeutic potential.