Benign metastasizing leiomyoma and 18-FDG-PET/CT: A case report and literature review.

Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) is a rare disease entity that usually occurs in females of reproductive age with a previous history of uterine myoma. It is typically characterized by multiple pulmonary tumors consisting of benign leiomyoma cells. In the present study, two cases of PBML are discussed. The patient in each case underwent 2-deoxy-2-(fluorine-18)-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18-FDG-PET/CT) scans. One patient demonstrated a lack of 18-FDG uptake and a quiescent clinical course. However, the second patient exhibited a markedly high uptake of 18-FDG and aggressive cell proliferation. The two tumors revealed significant differences in metabolic behavior and in clinical course; however, they were similar with regard to cellular appearance. A review of previous studies concerning the findings of 18-FDG-PET/CT in published cases of PBML was also conducted and is presented here.