Protective effects of Tribulus Terrestris extract on cisplatin-induced ovarian damage: Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory insights.

BackgroundCisplatin (CIS) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent; however, it is associated with ovarian toxicity. Tribulus Terrestris (TT) is recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to evaluate the effects of TT extract on ovarian tissue damage induced by cisplatin.Material and MethodTwenty-five female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (n = 5): Control, CIS (Cisplatin only), CIS + TT100 (100 mg/kg TT extract daily + CIS), CIS + TT300 (300 mg/kg TT + CIS), and CIS + TT500 (500 mg/kg TT daily + CIS). After 15 days, blood samples were collected for hormonal analysis, and ovaries were harvested for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical assessments.ResultsThe CIS group exhibited a significant decline in follicle count compared to the control group (P < 0.001). In contrast, the CIS + TT groups showed a notable increase in follicle count (P < 0.05). TT treatment also resulted in significant improvements in antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT) and a reduction in oxidative stress (MDA) compared to the CIS group. Moreover, E2, AMH, and progesterone concentrations were decreased in the CIS group, while these levels were restored in the TT-treated groups (P < 0.001). The expression of inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β was higher in the CIS group and decreased in the TT-treated groups.ConclusionTribulus Terrestris extract effectively mitigates cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity by enhancing follicular count, improving antioxidant activity, and reducing oxidative stress. TT treatment also elevated AMH and progesterone levels while decreasing inflammatory markers, underscoring its potential as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced ovarian damage.