Localization of prostate-specific antigen-like immunoreactivity in human salivary gland and salivary gland tumors.

Immunoreactivity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a kallikrein-like enzyme present in the seminal plasma, was demonstrated by indirect immunoperoxidase staining using a PSA antiserum in the apical cytoplasm along the luminal border of small-sized duct epithelial cells of the major salivary (parotid and submandibular) gland of both sexes (56/56, 100%). No PSA-like immunoreactivity was seen in large-sized duct epithelial cells and acinar cells. Minor salivary gland ducts were negative. When inflammatory and atrophic changes were observed, ductal expression of PSA-like immunoreactivity was decreased (12/37, 32%) and the site of intracellular localization often became diffusely cytoplasmic. The immunoreactivity was absorbed by human seminal plasma. Immunoreactivities of prostatic acid phosphatase and sex hormone receptors were undetectable in the salivary gland. Twenty-nine (34%) of 86 salivary gland tumors with ductal differentiation were immunoreactive for PSA mainly in the cytoplasm. A PSA monoclonal antibody ER-PR8 detected immunoreactivity in the prostate but not in the salivary glands or their tumors. Prostate-specific antigen-like immunoreactivity in small-sized (intercalated) duct epithelial cells of the major salivary gland and their tumors may be due to cross-reactivity of the antiserum with kallikrein-like substances.