Cyanuric Acid-Functionalized Perovskite Nanocrystals toward Low Interface Impedance, High Environmental Stability, and Superior Electrochemiluminescence.

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNs) have received much attention as luminescence materials in the field of electrochemiluminescence (ECL). However, as one key factor for determining the optoelectronic properties of the surface state of PNs, the surface passivation layer of PNs has enormous difficulty in simultaneously meeting the requirements of high ECL efficiency, conductivity, and stability. Herein, an effective surface modification strategy with cyanuric acid (CA) is used to solve such issue. As confirmed, the CA molecules are chemically anchored onto the surface of PNs via the Lewis interaction between π electrons of the triazine ring and the empty orbit of Pb2+. Benefiting from the above interaction, the electrochemical impedance of PNs is decreased greatly without the loss of light-emitting efficiency. Moreover, the stability of PNs under O2 exposure is improved by almost sixfold. These improvements are confirmed to be beneficial for enhancing the ECL behaviors of PNs under electrochemical operation. Upon cathode ECL driving conditions in aqueous media, the ECL intensity and efficiency of PNs are increased to 200 and 170%, respectively. This work provides a new modification strategy to holistically improve the ECL performance of PNs, which is instructive to exploring robust perovskite nanomaterials for electrochemical applications.