Systematic Review on Microtia: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.

BACKGROUND

Microtia is a congenital outer ear deformity that causes the auricle to be absent or underdeveloped. It is frequently associated with external auditory canal atresia and causes hearing and psychosocial problems.

OBJECTIVES

We thoroughly investigate the aspects of microtia and explore both current and innovative therapies.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, focusing on microtia and reconstruction methodologies. This review utilized three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

RESULTS

The etiology involves both genetic and environmental factors and can occur as part of a syndrome or as an isolated condition. Clinically, it has esthetic and functional implications, potentially leading to conductive hearing loss. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for treatment, which includes surgical reconstruction using autologous cartilage or synthetic prostheses. Advances in bioengineering and 3D printing offer new, less invasive solutions.

CONCLUSIONS

This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on microtia, focusing on tissue engineering for auricular reconstruction, identifying research gaps, evaluating techniques, and providing a resource for clinicians to improve decision-making and foster further research.