Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer · 1996
Breast carcinoma in Pakistani women.
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Usmani K, Khanum A, Afzal H, Ahmad N
Аннотация
In many developed and developing countries including Pakistan, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Among 4575 women presenting to the Cancer Research Foundation of Pakistan between 1987 and 1994 with breast lumps, 1201 (26%) were found to have breast cancer. Their ages ranged from 19 to 79 years. The peak incidence was in the 30 to 39 age group. Most patients were multiparous with an average of five children. The size of the tumor was greater than 5 cm in 66% of the cases. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common morphological type. According to the Bloom and Richardson grading system, 58% of cases were grade III. Lymph node metastases were present in 73% of the cases.