A modified Delphi consensus on tenosynovial giant cell tumour and giant cell tumour of bone : a report from the Birmingham Orthopaedic Oncology Meeting (BOOM).

Jeys Lee M, Botello Eduardo, Boyle Richard, Ebeid Walid, Hilton Thomas, Houdek Matthew T, Hosking Keith, Kurisunkal Vineet J, Laubscher Maritz, Morris Guy V, Puri Ajay, Ruggieri Pietro, BOOM 2026 Consensus Meeting Participants, Laitinen Minna K, Abdul Bari Yunus, Abood Ahmed, Abraham John A, Acosta Marin Marthelena, Agarwal Manish, Agarwal Rishi, Aguirre Marcela, Ajit Singh Vivek, Akiyama Toru, Al Farii Humaid, Alaqeel Motaz, Alaseem Abdulrahman, Aldosari Omar, Alexander Kate, Alfaro Patricio, Aljuhani Wazzan, Allison Daniel C, Almashahedi Mohammed, Alotaibi Abdullah, Alpan Bugra, Alshaygy Ibrahim S, Althunayan Turki, Andreani Lorenzo, Andreou Dimosthenis, Andriandi Andriandi, Annabelle Lucas, Aponte-Tinao Luis, Ardelt Melanie, Armas Selma, Aston William, Aycan Osman Emre, Baad-Hansen Thomas, Baeza Pablo, Baird Charles, Balach Tessa, Banse Xavier, Barriga Juan, Barry Janie, Basile Georges, Bastoni Stefano, Basuki Mohammad Hardian, Bauer Henrik C, Baydar Semay, Bayliss Lee, Becker Ricardo, Bedi Angad, Benevenia Joseph, Bengoa Francisco, Berger Christina, Bernthal Nicholas, Binitie Odion, Bird Justin, Bobseit Abdulrahman, Bodian Caitlin, Boffano Michele, Bonilla Huertas Patricia, Bramer Jos, Broadhead Matthew, Broekhuis Demien, Broida Samuel Earl, Brown Danielle, Bruschi Alessandro, Budny Tymoteusz, Buist Mirka, Burke Zachary, Busse Tilmann, Cabrolier Jorge, Calvo-Haro Jose Antonio, Campanacci Domenico A, Cardoso Rodrigo, Carey Smith Richard, Carrasco María G, Casales Nicolas, Castan Ashley, Ceballos Oscar, Chan Chung Ming, Chan Lester, Chang Liang Zhen, Charoenlap Chris, Chaustre Florez Juan Fernando, Chin Janet, Choong Peter, Chrobok Adam, Chung Yang-Guk, Ciechanowicz Dawid, Clara-Altamirano Miguel Angel, Consuegra Guzman Luis Alfonso, Cornu Olivier, Coubeau Laurent, Courtot Louis, Crawford Brooke, Cribb Gillian, Cuervo-Lozano Carlos Eduardo, Dammerer Dietmar, de la Rosa Pablo, de Lima Corvino Daniela, De Paolis Massimiliano, De Santos de la Fuente Francisco Javier, de Vaal Marieke, Deisenhofer Julian M, Delgado Obando Javier, Demir Eren, Deo Shaneel, Deventer Niklas, Di Bella Claudia, Dierselhuis Edwin, Docquier Pierre-Louis, Domson Gregory, Donati Davide M, Doshi Arpan, Duivenvoorden Myléne J C, Duran-Ciarrochi Rodolfo, Dürr Hans Roland, Ehlers Pierre J, El Ghoneimy Ahmed Mohamed, El Motassime Alessandro, Eloi Pinto Fabio Fernando, Endo Makoto, Epstein Gadi, Eralp Levent, Etaiwi Mahmoud, Eward Will, Fabbri Nicola, Faimali Martina, Farman Ullah, Farooq Arbab, Farooque Khalil, Farris Clayton, Ferguson Peter, Ferreira Nando, Fiorenza Fabrice, Flint Michael, Forsberg Jonathan A, Franks Daniel, Freitas Joao Paolo, Fuchs Bruno, Fujiwara Tomohiro, Funovics Philipp T, Fuzy Edward, Galli Serra Marcos, Gamie Zakareya, Garcia-Carrasco Maria, García-Huidobro Gabriel, Gaston Czar Louie, Gazendam Aaron, Georges Basile, Ghert Michelle, Ghosh Kanishka Milton, Giardina Fabio Luca, Gibbs C Parker, Golovina Yanina, Gomez Mier Luis Carlos, Gomez-Mascard Anne, Gomez-Sierra Maria Antonia, González-Browne Catalina, Gonzalez-Saldivar Juan, González-Motta Alejandro, Gortzak Yair, Gosheger Georg, Gouin Francois, Goulding Krista, Gracia Isidro, Graydon Andrew, Green Natalie, Griffin Anthony, Guedes Alex, Gulia Ashish, Gupta Sanjay, Guzman Maurice, Hardes Jendrik, Hasan Yusuf O, Hashim Ahmad Munir, Havard Hel, Haydon Rex, Hegde Prateek, Hernandez Lopez Adriana, Herrera David, Hesham Amr, Hesla Asle, Hess Matthew, Hirschmann Adam, Hobusch Gerhard, Hohensteiner Anna, Hongsaprabhas Chindanai, Hornicek Francis, Hsu Megan, Idowu Oluwaseyi K, Idulhaq Mujaddid, Igbinoba Bright, Ippolito Joseph A, Iwata Shintaro, Jagiello Jakub, Johan Muhammad P, Johnson Luke, Johnston Andy, Joo Min Wook, Joyce David, Jung Beatrice, Jungels Christiane, Jutte Paul, Jutte Willem, Jääskeläinen Anna-Stina, Kaldas Kadri, Kapanci Bilal, Karaca Mustafa Onur, Kawai Akira, Kemp Alysia, Khal Adyb-Adrian, Khan Zeeshan, Khan Zainab Aqeel, Khaouam Nader, Kim Han-Soo, Klopper Schalk, Kobayashi Eisuke, Kobayashi Hiroshi, Kontogeorgakos Vasileios, Kotrych Daniel, Krebbekx Gitte G J, Krishnamurthy Anjan Venkataraman, Kunisada Toshiyuki, Kyte Richard, Lacroix Valérie, Lazarides Alexander, Le Nail Louis-Romee, Lee Francis Y, Lee Jewoo, Lee Minpyo, Legosz Pawel, Lehner Burkhard, Leithner Andreas, Leone Gianpaolo, Letson Douglas, Lewis Valerae O, Li Binghao, Liikanen Hanna, Lin Peng, Linda Zwelithini, Lindsay Sarah, Lozano Calderon Santiago, Lutomia Lumbasi Mark, Macdonald Jonathan, Machado Pau, Majirija Edgar, Malina Mario, Malyk Roman, Marais Leonard, Mascard Eric, Mattei Jean Camille, McCullough Louise, McMahon Samuel, Medellin Rincon Manuel Ricardo, Mediavilla Santos Lydia, Meijer Diederik, Meijer Johannes Gerard, Miller Benjamin, Molloy Allan, Moriel Garcesco Diego Jesus, Morris Carol D, Morse-Sanyal Ashlyn, Mottard Sophie, Mthethwa Phakamani G, Muñoz-Montecinos Carlos, Murcia Miguel, Müller Michelle, Nakayama Robert, Narhari Prashant, Nasar Ali, Nayak Prakash, Neugebauer Johannes, Nieminen Jyrki, Ntombela Philani, Nystrom Lukas, O'Reilly-Harbidge Sarah, O'Toole Gary, Ogura Koichi, Oktayana Made Dolly, Oliveira Vania, Olivier André, Olson Daniel, Olusunmade Opeyemi, Omar Mohamed, Omran Hasan Yusuf, Ortiz-Cruz Eduardo J, Ozaki Shuhei, Ozaki Toshifumi, Ozkan Korhan, Pala Elisa, Palmerini Emanuela, Panchwagh Yogesh, Pang Grant, Papagelopoulos Panayiotis, Papagelopoulos Dimitra P, Paraliticci Giovanni, Parizzia Walter, Parry Michael, Pate Matthew, Peiró Ana, Perera Jonathan, Petersen Michael M, Phakathi Oatile, Phimolsarnti Rapin, Phiri Tshepang, Pinheiro Rafael, Pinto Santander Nicolas, Ploegmakers Joris, Pollock Robin, Powell Gerard, Prabowo Yuni, Pruthi Manish, Puhaindran Mark, Quirion Julia, Quirland Camila, Rabin Eden, Rachbauer Anna, Radhakrishnan Sanjeevan, Raja Anand, Rajalbandi Rohit, Rajani Rajiv, Rajasekaran Raja Bhaskara, Rajasekaran Shanmuganthan, Rajkovic Stanislav, Ramirez Maria Teresa, Ramkumar Dipak B, Rankin Kenneth S, Ras El Abiad Alejandro, Rasappan Kumaran, Redl Malena, Rizzo Arianna, Rose Peter S, Rosenberg Andrew, Russell Michael, Salcedo Rodriguez German, Saleh Ahmad, Sambri Andrea, Samy Ahmed, Sánchez-Maldonado Maria, Saputra Rhyan Darma, Scanferla Roberto, Scharschmidt Tom, Schubert Thomas, Scoccianti Guido, Segura Florencio, Sellevold Simen, Shehadeh Ahmad, Shreemal Bhim, Shumelinsky Félix, Siddiqi Ather M, Silveri Claudio, Sinnaeve Friedl, Smolle Maria A, Snyman Franz, Solomons Michael, Sommerville Scott, Sood Sahil Sood, Spense Mariel E, Spiegel Christian, Spiguel Andre, Staals Eric L, Stavropoulos Nikolaos A, Steadman Peter, Stern Sydney, Stevenson Jonathan, Stoppiello Pablo, Stubbe Chris, Sullivan Mikaela H, Sundin Nathalia, Suntaxi Basantes Felipe Martín, Szostakowski Bartlomiej, Szostakowski Bartek, Tandon Nikhil, Tang Xiaodong, Tepper Sarah, Terrarossa Bruno, Thippeswamy Pushpa B, Thorkildsen Joachim, Tootsi Kaspar, Torner-Rubies Ferran, Tosyali Koray, Traub Frank, Trent Jonathan, Triganjananun Chanonta, Trikoupis Ioannis, Trullols Laura, Tsagkozis Panagiotis, Tsoi Kim, Tuntarattanapong Pakjai, Ulrich Marisa N, Vainio Veli-Matti, Valencia Juan D, van de Sande Michiel, van der Geest Ingrid, van der Wal Robert Jp, van Langevelde Kirsten, Velez Roberto, Verbeke Léonie, Verspoor Floortje G M, Versteeg Anne, Vicatos George, Virk Jagandeep Singh, Visgauss Julia, Vyrva Oleg, Wafa Hazem, Wan Faisham Wan Ismail, Wang Patrick Qi, Wei Ran, Wennergren David, Werier Joel, Weschenfelder Wolfram, Williams Nadine, Wunder Jay, Yildiz Huseyin Yusuf, Yonamine Eduardo S, Yonezawa Hirotaka, Yousuf Maitham, Zaghloul Ahmed, Zainul-Abidin Suraya, Zamora Tomas, Zuckerman Lee, Zumarraga Juan Pablo, Özger Harzem

СтатьяConsensus StatementПеревод в очереди

Аннотация

AIMS: The aim of this study was to achieve consensus on important topics related to tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) and giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB), and to identify areas for future research.

METHODS

In January 2026, a consensus meeting, The Birmingham Orthopaedic Oncology Meeting (BOOM), held in Cape Town, South Africa, gathered 314 delegates from 59 countries to debate 21 consensus statements on tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) and giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) through a modified Delphi process.

RESULTS

Of the 21 statements, two achieved unanimous consensus, 18 strong consensus, and one moderate consensus. Unanimous consensus was reached for prioritizing joint-preserving intralesional curettage in GCTB when feasible, and for supporting non-surgical approaches in anatomically challenging cases, particularly sacral lesions. The statement addressing the role of denosumab in GCTB achieved only moderate consensus. The use of adjuvants in GCTB, as well as the management of recurrent and systemic GCTB, including long-term use of denosumab, reached strong consensus. Strong consensus was achieved in the surgical and non-surgical management for both primary and recurrent TGCT. Surveillance strategies for both TGCT and GCTB generated substantial discussion despite strong consensus, reflecting ongoing uncertainty and lack in evidence.

CONCLUSION

This international consensus provides practical guidance for the management of TGCT and GCTB while identifying important gaps in evidence. Joint-preserving surgery remains central to the treatment of GCTB, with selective integration of systemic therapies and individualized surveillance. The consensus framework highlights priorities for future collaborative research in orthopaedic oncology.

Для цитирования: Jeys Lee M, Botello Eduardo, Boyle Richard, Ebeid Walid, Hilton Thomas, Houdek Matthew T, Hosking Keith, Kurisunkal Vineet J, Laubscher Maritz, Morris Guy V, Puri Ajay, Ruggieri Pietro, BOOM 2026 Consensus Meeting Participants, Laitinen Minna K, Abdul Bari Yunus, Abood Ahmed, Abraham John A, Acosta Marin Marthelena, Agarwal Manish, Agarwal Rishi, Aguirre Marcela, Ajit Singh Vivek, Akiyama Toru, Al Farii Humaid, Alaqeel Motaz, Alaseem Abdulrahman, Aldosari Omar, Alexander Kate, Alfaro Patricio, Aljuhani Wazzan, Allison Daniel C, Almashahedi Mohammed, Alotaibi Abdullah, Alpan Bugra, Alshaygy Ibrahim S, Althunayan Turki, Andreani Lorenzo, Andreou Dimosthenis, Andriandi Andriandi, Annabelle Lucas, Aponte-Tinao Luis, Ardelt Melanie, Armas Selma, Aston William, Aycan Osman Emre, Baad-Hansen Thomas, Baeza Pablo, Baird Charles, Balach Tessa, Banse Xavier, Barriga Juan, Barry Janie, Basile Georges, Bastoni Stefano, Basuki Mohammad Hardian, Bauer Henrik C, Baydar Semay, Bayliss Lee, Becker Ricardo, Bedi Angad, Benevenia Joseph, Bengoa Francisco, Berger Christina, Bernthal Nicholas, Binitie Odion, Bird Justin, Bobseit Abdulrahman, Bodian Caitlin, Boffano Michele, Bonilla Huertas Patricia, Bramer Jos, Broadhead Matthew, Broekhuis Demien, Broida Samuel Earl, Brown Danielle, Bruschi Alessandro, Budny Tymoteusz, Buist Mirka, Burke Zachary, Busse Tilmann, Cabrolier Jorge, Calvo-Haro Jose Antonio, Campanacci Domenico A, Cardoso Rodrigo, Carey Smith Richard, Carrasco María G, Casales Nicolas, Castan Ashley, Ceballos Oscar, Chan Chung Ming, Chan Lester, Chang Liang Zhen, Charoenlap Chris, Chaustre Florez Juan Fernando, Chin Janet, Choong Peter, Chrobok Adam, Chung Yang-Guk, Ciechanowicz Dawid, Clara-Altamirano Miguel Angel, Consuegra Guzman Luis Alfonso, Cornu Olivier, Coubeau Laurent, Courtot Louis, Crawford Brooke, Cribb Gillian, Cuervo-Lozano Carlos Eduardo, Dammerer Dietmar, de la Rosa Pablo, de Lima Corvino Daniela, De Paolis Massimiliano, De Santos de la Fuente Francisco Javier, de Vaal Marieke, Deisenhofer Julian M, Delgado Obando Javier, Demir Eren, Deo Shaneel, Deventer Niklas, Di Bella Claudia, Dierselhuis Edwin, Docquier Pierre-Louis, Domson Gregory, Donati Davide M, Doshi Arpan, Duivenvoorden Myléne J C, Duran-Ciarrochi Rodolfo, Dürr Hans Roland, Ehlers Pierre J, El Ghoneimy Ahmed Mohamed, El Motassime Alessandro, Eloi Pinto Fabio Fernando, Endo Makoto, Epstein Gadi, Eralp Levent, Etaiwi Mahmoud, Eward Will, Fabbri Nicola, Faimali Martina, Farman Ullah, Farooq Arbab, Farooque Khalil, Farris Clayton, Ferguson Peter, Ferreira Nando, Fiorenza Fabrice, Flint Michael, Forsberg Jonathan A, Franks Daniel, Freitas Joao Paolo, Fuchs Bruno, Fujiwara Tomohiro, Funovics Philipp T, Fuzy Edward, Galli Serra Marcos, Gamie Zakareya, Garcia-Carrasco Maria, García-Huidobro Gabriel, Gaston Czar Louie, Gazendam Aaron, Georges Basile, Ghert Michelle, Ghosh Kanishka Milton, Giardina Fabio Luca, Gibbs C Parker, Golovina Yanina, Gomez Mier Luis Carlos, Gomez-Mascard Anne, Gomez-Sierra Maria Antonia, González-Browne Catalina, Gonzalez-Saldivar Juan, González-Motta Alejandro, Gortzak Yair, Gosheger Georg, Gouin Francois, Goulding Krista, Gracia Isidro, Graydon Andrew, Green Natalie, Griffin Anthony, Guedes Alex, Gulia Ashish, Gupta Sanjay, Guzman Maurice, Hardes Jendrik, Hasan Yusuf O, Hashim Ahmad Munir, Havard Hel, Haydon Rex, Hegde Prateek, Hernandez Lopez Adriana, Herrera David, Hesham Amr, Hesla Asle, Hess Matthew, Hirschmann Adam, Hobusch Gerhard, Hohensteiner Anna, Hongsaprabhas Chindanai, Hornicek Francis, Hsu Megan, Idowu Oluwaseyi K, Idulhaq Mujaddid, Igbinoba Bright, Ippolito Joseph A, Iwata Shintaro, Jagiello Jakub, Johan Muhammad P, Johnson Luke, Johnston Andy, Joo Min Wook, Joyce David, Jung Beatrice, Jungels Christiane, Jutte Paul, Jutte Willem, Jääskeläinen Anna-Stina, Kaldas Kadri, Kapanci Bilal, Karaca Mustafa Onur, Kawai Akira, Kemp Alysia, Khal Adyb-Adrian, Khan Zeeshan, Khan Zainab Aqeel, Khaouam Nader, Kim Han-Soo, Klopper Schalk, Kobayashi Eisuke, Kobayashi Hiroshi, Kontogeorgakos Vasileios, Kotrych Daniel, Krebbekx Gitte G J, Krishnamurthy Anjan Venkataraman, Kunisada Toshiyuki, Kyte Richard, Lacroix Valérie, Lazarides Alexander, Le Nail Louis-Romee, Lee Francis Y, Lee Jewoo, Lee Minpyo, Legosz Pawel, Lehner Burkhard, Leithner Andreas, Leone Gianpaolo, Letson Douglas, Lewis Valerae O, Li Binghao, Liikanen Hanna, Lin Peng, Linda Zwelithini, Lindsay Sarah, Lozano Calderon Santiago, Lutomia Lumbasi Mark, Macdonald Jonathan, Machado Pau, Majirija Edgar, Malina Mario, Malyk Roman, Marais Leonard, Mascard Eric, Mattei Jean Camille, McCullough Louise, McMahon Samuel, Medellin Rincon Manuel Ricardo, Mediavilla Santos Lydia, Meijer Diederik, Meijer Johannes Gerard, Miller Benjamin, Molloy Allan, Moriel Garcesco Diego Jesus, Morris Carol D, Morse-Sanyal Ashlyn, Mottard Sophie, Mthethwa Phakamani G, Muñoz-Montecinos Carlos, Murcia Miguel, Müller Michelle, Nakayama Robert, Narhari Prashant, Nasar Ali, Nayak Prakash, Neugebauer Johannes, Nieminen Jyrki, Ntombela Philani, Nystrom Lukas, O'Reilly-Harbidge Sarah, O'Toole Gary, Ogura Koichi, Oktayana Made Dolly, Oliveira Vania, Olivier André, Olson Daniel, Olusunmade Opeyemi, Omar Mohamed, Omran Hasan Yusuf, Ortiz-Cruz Eduardo J, Ozaki Shuhei, Ozaki Toshifumi, Ozkan Korhan, Pala Elisa, Palmerini Emanuela, Panchwagh Yogesh, Pang Grant, Papagelopoulos Panayiotis, Papagelopoulos Dimitra P, Paraliticci Giovanni, Parizzia Walter, Parry Michael, Pate Matthew, Peiró Ana, Perera Jonathan, Petersen Michael M, Phakathi Oatile, Phimolsarnti Rapin, Phiri Tshepang, Pinheiro Rafael, Pinto Santander Nicolas, Ploegmakers Joris, Pollock Robin, Powell Gerard, Prabowo Yuni, Pruthi Manish, Puhaindran Mark, Quirion Julia, Quirland Camila, Rabin Eden, Rachbauer Anna, Radhakrishnan Sanjeevan, Raja Anand, Rajalbandi Rohit, Rajani Rajiv, Rajasekaran Raja Bhaskara, Rajasekaran Shanmuganthan, Rajkovic Stanislav, Ramirez Maria Teresa, Ramkumar Dipak B, Rankin Kenneth S, Ras El Abiad Alejandro, Rasappan Kumaran, Redl Malena, Rizzo Arianna, Rose Peter S, Rosenberg Andrew, Russell Michael, Salcedo Rodriguez German, Saleh Ahmad, Sambri Andrea, Samy Ahmed, Sánchez-Maldonado Maria, Saputra Rhyan Darma, Scanferla Roberto, Scharschmidt Tom, Schubert Thomas, Scoccianti Guido, Segura Florencio, Sellevold Simen, Shehadeh Ahmad, Shreemal Bhim, Shumelinsky Félix, Siddiqi Ather M, Silveri Claudio, Sinnaeve Friedl, Smolle Maria A, Snyman Franz, Solomons Michael, Sommerville Scott, Sood Sahil Sood, Spense Mariel E, Spiegel Christian, Spiguel Andre, Staals Eric L, Stavropoulos Nikolaos A, Steadman Peter, Stern Sydney, Stevenson Jonathan, Stoppiello Pablo, Stubbe Chris, Sullivan Mikaela H, Sundin Nathalia, Suntaxi Basantes Felipe Martín, Szostakowski Bartlomiej, Szostakowski Bartek, Tandon Nikhil, Tang Xiaodong, Tepper Sarah, Terrarossa Bruno, Thippeswamy Pushpa B, Thorkildsen Joachim, Tootsi Kaspar, Torner-Rubies Ferran, Tosyali Koray, Traub Frank, Trent Jonathan, Triganjananun Chanonta, Trikoupis Ioannis, Trullols Laura, Tsagkozis Panagiotis, Tsoi Kim, Tuntarattanapong Pakjai, Ulrich Marisa N, Vainio Veli-Matti, Valencia Juan D, van de Sande Michiel, van der Geest Ingrid, van der Wal Robert Jp, van Langevelde Kirsten, Velez Roberto, Verbeke Léonie, Verspoor Floortje G M, Versteeg Anne, Vicatos George, Virk Jagandeep Singh, Visgauss Julia, Vyrva Oleg, Wafa Hazem, Wan Faisham Wan Ismail, Wang Patrick Qi, Wei Ran, Wennergren David, Werier Joel, Weschenfelder Wolfram, Williams Nadine, Wunder Jay, Yildiz Huseyin Yusuf, Yonamine Eduardo S, Yonezawa Hirotaka, Yousuf Maitham, Zaghloul Ahmed, Zainul-Abidin Suraya, Zamora Tomas, Zuckerman Lee, Zumarraga Juan Pablo, Özger Harzem. A modified Delphi consensus on tenosynovial giant cell tumour and giant cell tumour of bone : a report from the Birmingham Orthopaedic Oncology Meeting (BOOM).. The bone & joint journal. 2026. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.108b.bjj-2026-0394.

Предметные рубрики MeSH

Humans Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Delphi Technique Bone Neoplasms Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath

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Аннотация

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CONCLUSION

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