Natural Product-Based Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Prostate Cancer (PCa) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among men globally. While numerous traditional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation ther-apy, and surgical procedures exist, they often exhibit challenges due to drug resistance mech-anisms, off-target effects, and severe toxicity to normal tissues. Hence, finding other low-tox-icity therapeutic methods is of utmost importance. This review summarizes the ability of nat-ural product-derived therapies to target critical signaling pathways involved in PCa progres-sion, including the Androgen Receptor (AR), PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways. Curcumin, resveratrol, genistein, and sulforaphane are natural compounds that exhibit anticancer effects by regulating these molecular pathways, thereby inhibiting tu-mor growth, inducing apoptosis, and preventing metastasis. By critically evaluating recent trends and comparing findings with current research, this review highlights the therapeutic value of these bioactive compounds. Additionally, the review discusses current knowledge gaps and proposes future research directions to optimize natural product-based interventions for PCa management.