Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026
Toxoplasma gondii affects trait anxiety in adult ADHD.
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Lam Alexandra P, Carl Angelika, Kohse Klaus P, Philipsen Alexandra
Аннотация
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Growing evidence emerges that Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is associated with mental disorders like anxiety disorders or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In ADHD patients around 25% suffer from comorbid anxiety disorders. As the impact of a latent T. gondii infection on anxiety in adult ADHD remains unknown, this study aims to investigate this relationship.
METHODS: In a case-control study, including 140 participants, venous blood samples were taken of 70 adult ADHD patients and 70 controls for serological analysis of markers of infection and inflammation (leukocytes, C-reactive protein, anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) (seropositivity), IgG titers (serointensity) as well as anti-T. gondii IgG avidity. The influences on state and trait anxiety were explored using the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
RESULTS: Seropositivity was significantly associated with the leukocyte count in all participants (n = 140, p = 0.004). Moreover, regression analysis revealed a significant association of seropositivity and serointensity with trait anxiety but not with state anxiety: trait anxiety was significantly lower in seropositive ADHD patients compared to seronegative subjects with ADHD (n = 70, p=0.029). In addition, trait anxiety scores decreased in an IgG-dependent manner in all participants (n = 140, p = 0.028) as well as in the ADHD group (n = 70, p = 0.015). Comorbid anxiety disorders in ADHD were not associated with latent T. gondii infection.
CONCLUSION: Our data is the first revealing an association between T. gondii and trait anxiety in a serointensity-dependent manner in individuals with ADHD. Further research is needed to clarify the clinical impact of the observed lower trait anxiety in individuals with ADHD and latent T. gondii infection.
METHODS: In a case-control study, including 140 participants, venous blood samples were taken of 70 adult ADHD patients and 70 controls for serological analysis of markers of infection and inflammation (leukocytes, C-reactive protein, anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) (seropositivity), IgG titers (serointensity) as well as anti-T. gondii IgG avidity. The influences on state and trait anxiety were explored using the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
RESULTS: Seropositivity was significantly associated with the leukocyte count in all participants (n = 140, p = 0.004). Moreover, regression analysis revealed a significant association of seropositivity and serointensity with trait anxiety but not with state anxiety: trait anxiety was significantly lower in seropositive ADHD patients compared to seronegative subjects with ADHD (n = 70, p=0.029). In addition, trait anxiety scores decreased in an IgG-dependent manner in all participants (n = 140, p = 0.028) as well as in the ADHD group (n = 70, p = 0.015). Comorbid anxiety disorders in ADHD were not associated with latent T. gondii infection.
CONCLUSION: Our data is the first revealing an association between T. gondii and trait anxiety in a serointensity-dependent manner in individuals with ADHD. Further research is needed to clarify the clinical impact of the observed lower trait anxiety in individuals with ADHD and latent T. gondii infection.