Molecular biology reports · 2023
The toxic profile of tramadol combined with nicotine on the liver and testicles: evidence from endoplasmic reticulum stress.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Ghorab Doaa, Abu-El-Rub Ejlal M, Gharaibeh Mohamed Hamdi, Khasawneh Ramada R, Almazari Rawan A, Al-Emam Ahmed, Helaly Ahmed Mohamed
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Tramadol is one of the most commonly abused substances in the Middle East. Furthermore, smoking is extremely common among the population.
METHODS: An experimental study was performed on Sprague-Dawley rats to explore the effects of both nicotine and tramadol on the liver and testes. The tramadol was administered at 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, while the nicotine was administered at 125 mg/kg. Histological examination and androgen receptor ELISA assay showed mild effects on the liver and proofed safety on the testis. Western blot analysis of BIP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein) and CHOP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein) revealed that fewer problems were induced by adding nicotine to tramadol. Autophagy marker LCIII and apoptosis marker caspase-8 showed similar effects to CHOP and BIP on liver samples. The real-time PCR of BIP expression showed similar but not identical results.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed mild endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in the liver samples. Histological examination revealed stable spermatogenesis with average androgen receptor blood levels in the different groups.
METHODS: An experimental study was performed on Sprague-Dawley rats to explore the effects of both nicotine and tramadol on the liver and testes. The tramadol was administered at 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, while the nicotine was administered at 125 mg/kg. Histological examination and androgen receptor ELISA assay showed mild effects on the liver and proofed safety on the testis. Western blot analysis of BIP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein) and CHOP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein) revealed that fewer problems were induced by adding nicotine to tramadol. Autophagy marker LCIII and apoptosis marker caspase-8 showed similar effects to CHOP and BIP on liver samples. The real-time PCR of BIP expression showed similar but not identical results.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed mild endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in the liver samples. Histological examination revealed stable spermatogenesis with average androgen receptor blood levels in the different groups.