Journal of advanced research · 2025
The landscape of genitourinary cancer vaccines: clinical advances and future opportunities.
СтатьяОбзорПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Zheng Ruoxuan, Cai Yuxin, Ding Weihong, Yang Feng, Ke Xu, Gao Yuan
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Cancer vaccines have demonstrated potential as a key immunotherapy strategy based on stimulating immune responses targeting tumor-specific antigens and tumor-associated antigens. Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been proven effective in the treatments of genitourinary cancers, such as Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, the full fulfillment of these potentials remains an ongoing pursuit.
AIM OF THE REVIEW: In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on vaccines for genitourinary cancers, encompassing bladder, renal, and prostate cancer, addressing their mechanisms and the current status of preclinical/clinical outcomes. The combination strategies based on those cancer vaccines are also summarized, which may provide longer-lasting and more effective treatment. Moreover, we discuss the emerging technologies and future directions for genitourinary cancer vaccines.
KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: Through different platforms (peptides, DNA, RNA, dendritic cells, etc.), therapeutic cancer vaccines can provoke or strengthen anti-tumor immunity with the assistance of cytokines, chemokines as well as other adjuvants to therefore prevent the deterioration of cancer and eradicate tumor cells. Only a limited number of therapeutic genitourinary cancer vaccines have received regulatory approval, indicating that there are still many critical challenges for the clinical translation of cancer vaccines, which mainly focus on finding effective antigens, immunogenic platforms and suitable combinational clinical strategies.
AIM OF THE REVIEW: In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on vaccines for genitourinary cancers, encompassing bladder, renal, and prostate cancer, addressing their mechanisms and the current status of preclinical/clinical outcomes. The combination strategies based on those cancer vaccines are also summarized, which may provide longer-lasting and more effective treatment. Moreover, we discuss the emerging technologies and future directions for genitourinary cancer vaccines.
KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: Through different platforms (peptides, DNA, RNA, dendritic cells, etc.), therapeutic cancer vaccines can provoke or strengthen anti-tumor immunity with the assistance of cytokines, chemokines as well as other adjuvants to therefore prevent the deterioration of cancer and eradicate tumor cells. Only a limited number of therapeutic genitourinary cancer vaccines have received regulatory approval, indicating that there are still many critical challenges for the clinical translation of cancer vaccines, which mainly focus on finding effective antigens, immunogenic platforms and suitable combinational clinical strategies.