Design of a Low-Cost VR-Based Robotic Pedal System with Dynamic Resistance and Muscle Activity Feedback.

This paper presents the design and usability evaluation of an affordable, virtual reality (VR)-integrated robotic pedal system aimed at enhancing lower-limb rehabilitation through interactive gaming. Key features include realtime cadence monitoring, dynamic resistance adjustment, and muscle activity tracking via electromyography (EMG) sensors. A usability study with 7 healthy participants, demonstrated increased cadence and symmetry scores in VR conditions. Clinician feedback supports the device's potential for at-home rehabilitation, though EMG sensor calibration remains a key improvement area.