Diabetes, obesity, and cardiometabolic CARE · 2026
Implementation Science Analysis of Potential Organizational Settings for Young Adult-Tailored Diabetes Prevention Interventions.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Arroyo Junior, Zhang Jiaxin, Tripathi Madhavi, Zhang Junhao, Venkatayogi Nethra, Enslein Jamie, Lediju Bell Muyinatu A
Аннотация
SIGNIFICANCE: Maximum permissible exposure limits defined in ANSI Z136.1 are broadly protective, but they do not explicitly account for pigmentation differences in skin. As a result, the lack of experimental data quantifying the effect of pigmentation on injury thresholds constrains accurate interpretation when melanin is a primary optical absorber, which has direct implications for the performance of optics-based imaging methods.
AIM: We experimentally determined the pigmentation-dependent laser exposure dose that produces a visible injury in 50% of exposed sites (i.e., ED 50 injury thresholds) with nanosecond, 750-nm-wavelength pulses, and we provide the first known quantification of relationships between melanin index (MI) and individual typology angle (ITA) or erythema index (EI) through colorimetric measurements.
APPROACH: Fifty total abdominal skin sites per swine were identified on three swine with different pigmentation phenotypes (median ITA values per swine ranged - 18 ° to 87°). Single-laser pulses with 5-ns pulse duration, 750-nm-wavelength, and energies of 35, 40, 50, 60, and 65 mJ per pulse were delivered to 10 sites per energy level per swine. Laser-exposed sites were visually assessed at early post-exposure intervals, followed by colorimeter measurements of MI, ITA, and EI. Probit regression analysis was used to compute the ED 50 thresholds, followed by a polynomial regression analysis conducted to relate ITA to MI and EI to MI.
RESULTS: Dark-skinned swine ( median ITA = - 18 ° ) exhibited a 27.7% lower ED 50 ( 323.94 mJ / cm 2 ) than light-skinned swine ( median ITA = 69.5 ° , ED 50 = 448.36 mJ / cm 2 ), which is consistent with increased melanin-mediated absorption in the darker-skinned swine. The lightest-skin swine ( median ITA = 87 ° ) did not develop visible erythema within the tested exposure range, preventing ED 50 estimation. Mathematical MI-ITA and MI-EI relationships revealed pigmentation-dependent optical and inflammatory responses across the three swine.
CONCLUSIONS: The measured differences in ED 50 values quantify the impact of skin pigmentation on laser-induced injury risk and demonstrate that darker skin has greater susceptibility to damage with the investigated laser parameters, relative to lighter skin. This foundational work addresses a previously uncharacterized source of biological variability that is relevant for the interpretation of laser safety margins and the design and evaluation of optics-based systems.
AIM: We experimentally determined the pigmentation-dependent laser exposure dose that produces a visible injury in 50% of exposed sites (i.e., ED 50 injury thresholds) with nanosecond, 750-nm-wavelength pulses, and we provide the first known quantification of relationships between melanin index (MI) and individual typology angle (ITA) or erythema index (EI) through colorimetric measurements.
APPROACH: Fifty total abdominal skin sites per swine were identified on three swine with different pigmentation phenotypes (median ITA values per swine ranged - 18 ° to 87°). Single-laser pulses with 5-ns pulse duration, 750-nm-wavelength, and energies of 35, 40, 50, 60, and 65 mJ per pulse were delivered to 10 sites per energy level per swine. Laser-exposed sites were visually assessed at early post-exposure intervals, followed by colorimeter measurements of MI, ITA, and EI. Probit regression analysis was used to compute the ED 50 thresholds, followed by a polynomial regression analysis conducted to relate ITA to MI and EI to MI.
RESULTS: Dark-skinned swine ( median ITA = - 18 ° ) exhibited a 27.7% lower ED 50 ( 323.94 mJ / cm 2 ) than light-skinned swine ( median ITA = 69.5 ° , ED 50 = 448.36 mJ / cm 2 ), which is consistent with increased melanin-mediated absorption in the darker-skinned swine. The lightest-skin swine ( median ITA = 87 ° ) did not develop visible erythema within the tested exposure range, preventing ED 50 estimation. Mathematical MI-ITA and MI-EI relationships revealed pigmentation-dependent optical and inflammatory responses across the three swine.
CONCLUSIONS: The measured differences in ED 50 values quantify the impact of skin pigmentation on laser-induced injury risk and demonstrate that darker skin has greater susceptibility to damage with the investigated laser parameters, relative to lighter skin. This foundational work addresses a previously uncharacterized source of biological variability that is relevant for the interpretation of laser safety margins and the design and evaluation of optics-based systems.