Chondroradionecrosis of the larynx.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Purpose of the present review is to revise the literature of the last 18 months, looking for novelties or new trends in diagnosis and therapeutical approaches to a very uncommon complicaton.

RECENT FINDINGS: Some comorbidities as well as prior surgical laryngeal treatment and lifestyle factors are known to increase tissue susceptibility to radiation injury and to complications due to endotracheal intubation.

SUMMARY: Chondroradionecrosis (CRN) of the larynx is a rare and severe complication of radiotherapy and endotracheal intubation which can be fatal if not managed promptly. In recent years, the trend in oncological surgery is organ preservation even in the advanced stage of laryngeal malignancies. However, in certain stages of squamous cell carcinomas, radiotherapy is necessary as a first or second line of treatment. Endotracheal intubation has also been associated with chondronecrosis and it is thought to be secondary to excessive pressure of the endotracheal tube or its cuff on the cartilage itself. Clinical diagnosis of CRN is extremely difficult and should be placed in differential diagnosis with postradiation outcomes and cancer recurrence. PET is useful, but biopsy is still required to confirm the diagnosis. The use of the laryngeal mask airway should prevent this complication and is a reasonable choice through which to administer general anesthesia in selected patients.