Health science reports · 2026
Seroprevalence and Genotype Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii Among Pregnant Women in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
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Woldegerima Eden, Birhan Mastewal, Dagnaw Mequanente, Melesse Mequanint, Teshome Destaw Fetene, Fetene Getnet, Eshetu Marye Alemu, Kebede Mulualem Lemma, Jan Asif, Eshetie Tewodros, Berhane Nega
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection poses significant risks during pregnancy, yet data on seroprevalence and genotype diversity in Ethiopia are scarce.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, associated risk factors, and genotype distribution of T. gondii among pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 554 pregnant women attending antenatal care in public hospitals between January 2022 and April 2024. Systematic random sampling was used. ELISA detected T. gondii-specific IgG and IgM antibodies, and PCR-RFLP targeting B1 and SAG2 loci were used for genotyping.
RESULTS: Overall seroprevalence was 54.3%, with 6.1% testing IgG-positive only, 9.4% IgM-positive only, and 38.8% positive for both. Cat ownership (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4-3.5) and dog ownership (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 2.9-8.1) were significantly associated with infection. Among 28 IgM-positive samples, Type II strains predominated (50%), followed by Types I and III (25% each).
CONCLUSION: These findings support targeted screening and pet-handling education to reduce the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Further molecular surveillance is recommended to inform public health strategies.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, associated risk factors, and genotype distribution of T. gondii among pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 554 pregnant women attending antenatal care in public hospitals between January 2022 and April 2024. Systematic random sampling was used. ELISA detected T. gondii-specific IgG and IgM antibodies, and PCR-RFLP targeting B1 and SAG2 loci were used for genotyping.
RESULTS: Overall seroprevalence was 54.3%, with 6.1% testing IgG-positive only, 9.4% IgM-positive only, and 38.8% positive for both. Cat ownership (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4-3.5) and dog ownership (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 2.9-8.1) were significantly associated with infection. Among 28 IgM-positive samples, Type II strains predominated (50%), followed by Types I and III (25% each).
CONCLUSION: These findings support targeted screening and pet-handling education to reduce the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Further molecular surveillance is recommended to inform public health strategies.