Retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: a review article.

This review article systematically assesses existing literature on studies employing retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics as surrogate biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. A comprehensive, literature review of published peer-reviewed research was conducted within PubMed utilizing the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: "optical coherence tomography", "cardiovascular diseases", "retina", and "retinal vessels". A total of 840 articles were reviewed and selectively filtered with ultimately 50 articles being included. This review article elucidates key findings, identifies limitations, and pinpoints gaps within these investigations. Additionally, this article delineates constraints related to OCTA technology and image processing that presently hinder the widespread adoption of this promising technology.