Subcutaneous platelet-rich plasma and topical graphitic carbon nitride in a lanolin carrier enhance healing of surgically induced cutaneous wounds in dogs.

BACKGROUND

Graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles (g-C3N4) are a promising material in wound healing; however, their effects and potential synergy with PRP (platelet-rich plasma) remain unexplored. This study evaluates the single and synergistic effects of PRP injection and g-C3N4 nanoparticle ointment on wound healing in dogs. Six full-thick skin wounds per group (a total of 6 groups) were surgically created on the chest region of six adult mongrel dogs, with each dog having three bilateral chest wounds. Wounds were treated with either normal saline, lanolin dressings, PRP infiltration, PRP infiltration combined with lanolin dressings, g-C3N4 NPs ointment, or PRP infiltration with g-C3N4 NPs application. Healing progression was monitored, with the evaluation of epithelialization and wound contraction. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and PDGFβ concentration were measured in wound fluid. Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotien (MEPE) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) gene expressions were assessed in skin biopsies at 0, 5, 10 and 20 days. Wound histopathology and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed.

RESULTS

Both PRP and PRP-g-C3N4 nanoparticles significantly enhanced healing. PRP alone greatly improved regeneration, yet with increased oxidative stress. These included maximal healing, epithelialization, high levels of gene expression, efficient inflammation control and well-organised granulation tissue and collagen bundles. PRP-g-C3N4 NPs offered a more balanced profile, exhibiting minimal lipid peroxidation, superior antioxidant preservation, and moderate but sustained regeneration.

CONCLUSION

Although PRP is excellent for quick tissue repair, PRP-g-C3N4 NPs might be better suited for situations requiring oxidative stability and controlled inflammation.