Dose-dependent effects of two inulin types differing in chain length on the small intestinal morphology, contractility and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in piglets.

Inulin is a linear fructose polymer which may affect small intestinal physiology. The effects of dietary level of two inulin types on morphology, contractility and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in the small intestine of piglets were investigated. Fifty six piglets were divided into seven groups fed diets without inulin addition or with 1%, 2% or 3% of inulin with an average degree of polymerisation of 10 (IN10) or 23 (IN23). All diets were offered from day 10 of life for 40 d. Feeding IN10 diets did not affect villous height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, while in the jejunum the 2% IN10 diet increased it as compared to other groups. Jejunal muscle contractions induced by electrical field stimulation were impaired by the 2% and 3% IN10 diets. The ileal expression of interleukin-12p40 was decreased by the 2% IN10 diet. There was no effect of IN23 level on villous height to crypt depth ratio in any segment of the small intestine as well as on jejunal motility. The 2% and 3% IN23 diets decreased the jejunal expression of tumour necrosis factor-α. In conclusion, IN10 is more active in the small intestine than IN23. At the 2% dietary level, it increases absorptive area in the jejunum, but may slightly impair smooth muscle contractions.