[Detection of Epstein-Barr virus, cell proliferation and apoptosis in thymic tumors].

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the incidence of thymic tumors in Guangzhou, its association with EBV infection and the cell proliferation and apoptosis characteristics of these tumors.

METHODS

EBV encoded small RNAs (EBERs) were detected in 43 thymic tumors and 7 thymic hyperplasia samples by use of in situ hybridization, EBNA-1, LMP-1, PCNA, bcl-2 and p53 were examined using immunohistochemical methods, cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-X nick end labelling) in situ cell death detection kit.

RESULTS

1. Thymic diseases only accounted for 0.057% of biopsies in the Guangzhou area. Thymic tumor and hyperplasia accounted for 74.7% and 18.6% in thymic diseases respectively. Thymic lymphoepithelimoa-like carcinoma (LELC) occurred in 2.7% of thymic tumors. 2. EBV encoded products (EBERs, EBNA-1 and LMP-1) were not detected in 50 thymic disease specimens. 3. Marked proliferation (3+-4+) grade thymomas (0/18 cases) was much lower than that of thymic carcinomas (10/20 cases), and the marked apoptotic (2+-4+) grade was higher in thymomas (15/18) than the thymic carcinomas (13/20). 4. The p53 protein accumulation rate in thymic carcinomas (8/20) was significantly higher than that of thymomas (1/18). The apoptotic grade is significantly related to p53 accumulation in thymic epithelial tumors. 5. The bcl-2 over expression could be detected both in thymomas and thymic carcinomas.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Thymic diseases, including thymic LELC, is very rare in Guangzhou and is not closely associated with EBV infection. 2. Thymic carcinomas have a relatively rapid growth rate compared to thymomas. 3. p53 gene mutation may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of thymic carcinoma, and bcl-2 over-expression may also be involved in the evolution of thymic epithelial tumors. 4. Wild type p53 protein may exert an apoptosis-inducing function in thymic epithelial tumors, including thymomas and carcinomas, and a proliferation inhibiting function only in thymomas.