Yi chuan = Hereditas · 2024
Progress on SOX9 and its enhancers in mammalian sex determination.
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Yang Min, Lin Si-Yuan, Yang Chang-Qi, Chen Yao-Sheng, He Zu-Yong
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) have traditionally been considered the result of entrapment of the tibial nerve due to the laciniate ligament or compression of the nerve's distal branches as they course beneath the abductor hallucis (AH) muscle. Recent research shows that TTS may be due to compression of the tibial nerve proximal to these structures, at the level of the high ankle (termed high TTS). This study appears to be among the first to investigate the incidence of compression at either or both of these sites in persons with clinical findings of TTS.
METHODS: The medical records of 91 adult patients (56 women and 35 men) who presented to a podiatric medicine practice with clinical findings of TTS and underwent electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing were retrospectively reviewed for the prevalence of nerve compression at the level of the high ankle (ie, high TTS) or the laciniate ligament/AH muscle in the foot.
RESULTS: Of the 91 patients with clinical findings of TTS, EDX testing found that 59 had nerve compression at the laciniate ligament/AH muscle, 69 had nerve compression at the level of the high ankle, 51 had compression in both areas, and 13 did not have any entrapment. Of the 69 patients found to have an entrapment at the high ankle, 41 were women and 28 were men, with the compression occurring bilaterally in 44 of the 69 patients.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients presenting with clinical findings of TTS, EDX testing found that compression most often occurred at the level of the high ankle, beneath the fascia of the leg, followed by entrapment at the traditionally recognized site, beneath the laciniate ligament/AH muscle, with a significant number of patients having compression at both sites. A small number of patients had no EDX evidence of nerve compression.
METHODS: The medical records of 91 adult patients (56 women and 35 men) who presented to a podiatric medicine practice with clinical findings of TTS and underwent electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing were retrospectively reviewed for the prevalence of nerve compression at the level of the high ankle (ie, high TTS) or the laciniate ligament/AH muscle in the foot.
RESULTS: Of the 91 patients with clinical findings of TTS, EDX testing found that 59 had nerve compression at the laciniate ligament/AH muscle, 69 had nerve compression at the level of the high ankle, 51 had compression in both areas, and 13 did not have any entrapment. Of the 69 patients found to have an entrapment at the high ankle, 41 were women and 28 were men, with the compression occurring bilaterally in 44 of the 69 patients.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients presenting with clinical findings of TTS, EDX testing found that compression most often occurred at the level of the high ankle, beneath the fascia of the leg, followed by entrapment at the traditionally recognized site, beneath the laciniate ligament/AH muscle, with a significant number of patients having compression at both sites. A small number of patients had no EDX evidence of nerve compression.