Exosomes in Hair Restoration.

Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of progressive hair loss and has substantial impact on quality of life. Conventional treatments, including minoxidil and finasteride, are limited by variable response rates and side effects. Exosomes, which are nanosized extracellular vesicles involved in cell-cell communications, have emerged as promising candidates in hair restoration. Preclinical studies indicate that exosomes can enhance hair follicle regeneration by promoting dermal papilla and outer root sheath cell proliferation and migration, increasing follicle bulb size and hair shaft elongation. Early clinical data are encouraging, but further trials are needed to establish optimal dosing and standardized protocols.