Evaluation of anti-diabetic effects of glimepiride/metformin cocrystal.

Emerging data suggest that cocrystal of two compounds may have a different pharmacological effect from two compounds alone or their physical combination. Glimepiride (Gli) and metformin (Met) are two types of anti-diabetic drugs. Previously, we generated the glimepiride/metformin cocrystal (GM). In this study, we evaluated the anti-diabetic effects of GM and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our result showed that GM reduced the blood glucose and HbA1c levels in db/db mice, and low doses of GM can achieve the hypoglycaemic effect as Gli or Met alone, and high dose of GM was better than Gli and Met alone in improving the pathological changes of liver. In vivo studies showed that GM activated AMPK and STAT3 signalling, downregulated TXNIP expression and upregulated MaFA expression. Moreover, GM promoted the secretion of insulin in pancreas of db/db mice and in high glucose-treated INS-1 and MIN-6 cells. Together, GM possesses slightly better anti-diabetic effects than Met or Gli alone in db/db mice, and the mechanism of GM protecting β-cell dysfunction induced by glucotoxicity may be associated with activation of the AMPK/TXNIP/MaFA pathway.