Association of estrogen and progesterone receptor gene polymorphisms and their respective hormones in uterine leiomyomas.

The steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone play an important role in the pathophysiology of fibroids that occurs in 20-25 % of women in the reproductive age. Our study examines the risk imposed by estrogen and progesterone plasma levels in correlation with the ERβ (-13950T/C) and PGR (+331G/A) receptor gene polymorphisms. The study population included 296 individuals (146 UL cases and 150 female controls). Hormonal levels were estimated by ELISA and genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP analysis, and the obtained results were statistically analyzed. Estrogen levels were found to be high in cases with the "TC" genotype of ERβ receptor polymorphism compared to controls, whereas individuals with "GA" and "AA" genotype of PGR receptor polymorphism showed high progesterone levels for cases when compared to controls. The TC genotype of the ERβ receptor polymorphism and the GA and AA genotypes of the PGR receptor polymorphism and their respective hormonal levels can be developed as markers in the prediction of uterine fibroids.